A Mean-Field Approach to DeFi Currency Exchanges
Abstract
We investigate the behavior of liquidity providers (LPs) by modeling a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange (DEX) based on Uniswap v3. LPs with heterogeneous characteristics choose optimal liquidity positions subject to uncertainty regarding the size of exogenous incoming transactions and the prices of assets in the wider market. They engage in a game among themselves, and the resulting liquidity distribution determines the exchange rate dynamics and potential arbitrage opportunities of the pool. We calibrate the distribution of LP characteristics based on Uniswap data and the equilibrium strategy resulting from this mean-field game produces pool exchange rate dynamics and liquidity evolution consistent with observed pool behavior. We subsequently introduce Maximal Extractable Value bots who perform Just-In-Time liquidity attacks, and develop a Stackelberg game between LPs and bots. This addition results in more accurate simulated pool exchange rate dynamics and stronger predictive power regarding the evolution of the pool liquidity distribution.
Watch recording ↗About the speaker
Erhan Bayraktar, the Susan Smith Chair holder, is a full professor of Mathematics at the University of Michigan, where he has taught since 2004. His research spans stochastic analysis, control, applied probability, mean field games, machine learning, and mathematical finance, with applications in financial risk management. He serves as a corresponding editor for the SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization and sits on the editorial boards of Applied Mathematics and Optimization, Frontiers in Mathematical Finance, Mathematics of Operations Research, and Mathematical Finance. Bayraktar has secured continuous funding from the National Science Foundation, including a prestigious CAREER grant. Since 2015, he has directed the Risk Management and Quantitative Finance Masters program, shaping its development. He has mentored 17 Ph.D. students and over 40 post-docs, many now leading in academia and industry.